Biomolecules encapsulated TiO ₂ nano‐cubes using <i>Tinospora cordifolia</i> for photodegradation of a textile dye

Abstract

In the present research work, novel nano‐sized cubes of TiO 2 capped with the biomolecules of Tinospora cordifolia leaf extract have been successfully synthesised and characterised. UV–visible absorption spectrum shows the maximum absorption edge at a wavelength of 271 nm. Transmission electron microscope results reveal the development of nano‐sized cubes with anatase phase confirmed from selected‐area electron diffraction pattern. Further, X‐ray diffraction study re‐confirms the crystallinity and anatase phase evolution of TiO 2 . Fourier transmission infrared and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectrum spectra elucidate the presence of biomolecules on TiO 2 surface. The high photocatalytic activity of green synthesised TiO 2 is demonstrated through the degradation of a textile dye, neutral red. A total 93.4% of dye has been removed with high apparent constant value ( K appa = 0.00758 min −1 ) under 120 min of short UV‐light irradiation. Therefore, current work presents simple, low‐cost, eco‐friendly and hitherto unreported synthesis of TiO 2 nano‐cubes using Tinospora cordifolia leaf extract that could pave the way towards highly efficient photocatalysts.