Fully automated patellofemoral MRI segmentation using holistically nested networks: Implications for evaluating patellofemoral osteoarthritis, pain, injury, pathology, and adolescent development

Abstract

The proposed HNN with multi-feature architecture provides a fully automatic technique capable of delineating the often indistinct interfaces between the bone and other joint structures with an accuracy better than nearly all other techniques presented previously, even when active growth plates are present.