The lipidated connexin mimetic peptide SRPTEKT-<i>Hdc</i> is a potent inhibitor of Cx43 channels with specificity for the pS368 phospho-isoform

Abstract

Connexin (Cx) mimetic peptides derived from extracellular loop II sequences (e.g., Gap27: SRPTEKTIFII; Peptide5: VDCFLSRPTEKT) have been used as reversible, Cx-specific blockers of hemichannel (HCh) and gap junction channel (GJCh) function. These blockers typically require high concentrations (~5 µM, <1 h for HCh; ~100 µM, >1 h for GJCh) to achieve inhibition. We have shown that addition of a hexadecyl (<i>Hdc</i>) lipid tail to the conserved SRPTEKT peptide sequence (SRPTEKT-<i>Hdc</i>) results in a novel, highly efficacious, and potent inhibitor of mechanically induced Ca²⁺-wave propagation (IC₅₀ 64.8 pM) and HCh-mediated dye uptake (IC₅₀ 45.0 pM) in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells expressing rat Cx43 (MDCK43). The lack of similar effect on dye coupling (NBD-MTMA) suggested channel conformation-specific inhibition. Here we report that SRPTEKT-<i>Hdc</i> inhibition of Ca²⁺-wave propagation, dye coupling, and dye uptake depended on the functional configuration of Cx43 as determined by phosphorylation at serine 368 (S368). Ca²⁺-wave propagation was enhanced in MDCK cells expressing single-site mutants of Cx43 that mimicked (MDCK43-S368D) or favored (MDCK43-S365A) phosphorylation at S368. Furthermore, SRPTEKT-<i>Hdc</i> potently inhibited GJCh-mediated Ca²⁺-wave propagation (IC₅₀ 230.4 pM), dye coupling, and HCh-mediated dye uptake in MDCK43-S368D and -S365A cells. In contrast, Ca²⁺-wave propagation, dye coupling, and dye uptake were largely unaffected (IC₅₀ 12.3 μM) by SRPTEKT-<i>Hdc</i> in MDCK43-S368A and -S365D cells, mutations that mimic or favor dephosphorylation at S368. Together, these data indicate that SRPTEKT-<i>Hdc</i> is a potent inhibitor of physiological Ca²⁺-wave signaling mediated specifically by the pS368 phosphorylated form of Cx43.