Noninvasive Prediction of Twitch Transdiaphragmatic Pressure: Insights from Spirometry, Diaphragm Ultrasound, and Phrenic Nerve Stimulation Studies

Abstract

TwPdi and twPgas-Thor cannot be predicted from volitional measures of respiratory muscle strength, diaphragm and abdominal CMAP, or diaphragm ultrasound. Invasive recording of esophageal and gastric pressures following MS remains indispensable for objective assessment of respiratory muscle strength.