Ho₂O@C₈₄: Crystallographic Evidence Showing Linear Metallic Oxide Cluster Encapsulated in IPR Fullerene Cage of <i>D</i>_2<i>d</i>(51591)-C₈₄

Abstract

Fullerene C84 is the third-most-abundant species after C60 and C70. In the past decade, a variety of C84-based clusterfullerenes have been well-studied experimentally, which otherwise do not include oxide clusterfullerenes (OCFs). In this work, we report a comprehensive inspection of Ho2O@C84, including its mass, spectroscopic, crystallographic, electrochemical (EC), and density functional theory (DFT) studies. Importantly, crystallographic data reveal an IPR cage of D2d(51591)-C84 with a linear endohedral Ho–O–Ho cluster, indicating that the compression effect of the C84 cage is less pronounced compared to that of a smaller cage. The experimentally observed structure is confirmed by DFT computations, which also verify its superior stability. Further studies suggest that Ho2O@C84 has reduced EC and HOMO–LUMO gaps compared to those of empty species, again demonstrating the effect of cluster encapsulation.