Tandem Mass Spectrometric Quantification of 93 Terpenoids in <i>Cannabis</i> Using Static Headspace Injections

Abstract

The therapeutic effect of <i>Cannabis</i> largely depends on the content of its pharmacologically active secondary metabolites, mainly phytocannabinoids, flavonoids, and terpenoids. Recent studies suggest there are therapeutic effects of specific terpenoids as well as synergistic effects with other active compounds in the plant. Although <i>Cannabis</i> contains an overwhelming milieu of terpenoids, only a limited number are currently reported and used for metabolic analysis of <i>Cannabis</i> chemovars. In this study, we report the development and validation of a method for simultaneous quantification of 93 terpenoids in <i>Cannabis</i> air-dried inflorescences and extracts. This method employs the full evaporation technique via a static headspace sampler, followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SHS-GC/MS/MS). In the validation process, spiked terpenoids were quantified with acceptable repeatability, reproducibility, sensitivity, and accuracy. Three medical <i>Cannabis</i> chemovars were used to study the effect of sample preparation and extraction methods on terpenoid profiles. This method was further applied for studying the terpenoid profiles of 16 different chemovars acquired at different dates. Our results demonstrate that sample preparation methods may significantly impact the chemical fingerprint compared to the nontreated <i>Cannabis</i>. This emphasizes the importance of performing SHS extraction in order to study the natural terpenoid contents of chemovars. We also concluded that most inflorescences expressed relatively unique terpenoid profiles for the most pronounced terpenoids, even when sampled at different dates, although absolute concentrations may vary due to aging. The suggested method offers an ideal tool for terpenoid profiling of <i>Cannabis</i> and sets the scene for more comprehensive works in the future.