Hierarchical Nanoheterostructure of Tungsten Disulfide Nanoflowers Doped with Zinc Oxide Hollow Spheres: Benzene Gas Sensing Properties and First-Principles Study

Abstract

This paper reports an original fabrication of a benzene gas sensor based on tungsten disulfide nanoflowers (WS₂ NFs)/zinc oxide hollow spheres (ZnO HMDs) hierarchical nanoheterostructure. The ZnO/WS₂ hierarchical composite was characterized for the inspection of its nanostructure, elementary composition, and surface morphology. The benzene-sensing properties of the ZnO/WS₂ nanofilm sensor were exactly investigated. The results illustrate that the ZnO/WS₂ sensor exhibits a remarkable sensing performance toward benzene gas, including good sensitivity, rapid detection, outstanding repeatability, and stability. This is attributed to the fact that the ZnO/WS₂ nanoheterostructure can dramatically enhance the benzene sensing performance. Furthermore, density functional theory was employed to construct the benzene gas adsorption model for the ZnO/WS₂ heterostructure, from which the determined parameters in geometry, energy, and charge provided a powerful support for the mechanism explanation. This work suggests that the ZnO/WS₂ nanoheterostructure is competent to detect trace benzene gas at room temperature.