Dielectric and piezoelectric properties of Pb[(Mg _1/3 Nb _2/3 ) _0.52 (Yb _1/2 Nb _1/2 ) _0.15 Ti _0.33 ]O ₃ single-crystal rectangular plate and beam mode transducers poled by alternate current poling

Abstract

Abstract The dielectric, piezoelectric and physical properties of the [001]-oriented rectangular plate and beam mode of Pb[(Mg 1/3 Nb 2/3 ) 0.52 (Yb 1/2 Nb 1/2 ) 0.15 Ti 0.33 ]O 3 (PMN-PYbN-PT) ternary single crystals (SC) poled by alternate current poling (ACP) were investigated. The dielectric permittivity <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>ε</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>33</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>T</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msubsup> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>ε</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:math> and average piezoelectric coefficient d 33 were 6800 and 2490 pC/N, respectively, for the rectangular plate sample after ACP, which were 31% and 41% larger than those of the same sample after conventional direct current poling. The highest value of d 33 reached 2750 pC N −1 . The dielectric loss was reduced by 31%; nevertheless, the d 33 improved after ACP. The beam mode electromechanical coupling factor ( <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>k</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>33</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo accent="true">′</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:msubsup> </mml:math> ) was 91% by using ACP, showing the highest value among all relaxor-PT SC systems reported so far. The regular periodic stripe domains were observed in ACP samples, showing high domain wall density and uniform domain size. This work demonstrates that the high performance after ACP is an effective method of improving the relaxor-PT SC transducers.