Solubility and Solvent Effect of Acetamiprid in Thirteen Pure Solvents and Aqueous Solutions of Ethanol

Abstract

The determination of solubility of acetamiprid dissolved in thirteen pure solvents such as isobutanol, methanol, ethanol, n-butanol, isopropanol, acetone, ethylene glycol, 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone, ethyl acetate, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), 1,4-dioxane, N,N-dimethylformamide, and water and binary liquid mixtures (ethanol + water) was carried out using the shake-flask method at the temperatures from 278.15 to 318.15 K under local atmospheric pressure of 101.2 kPa. The observed values of mole fraction solubility were the highest in DMSO and the lowest in water. A linear solvation energy relationship analysis was carried out to reveal how much and what type of intermolecular solvent–solvent and solute–solvent interactions were responsible for the solubility variation in these thirteen pure solvents. The results exhibited that the solubility of acetamiprid in these thirteen monosolvents depends significantly upon the Hildebrand parameter and nonspecific dipolarity/polarizability interactions of the solvents. The experimental solubility data in pure solvents were correlated through the Apelblat equation, while those in liquid mixtures through the Apelblat–Jouyban–Acree model, the van’t Hoff–Jouyban–Acree model, and the Jouyban–Acree model. For the selected pure solvents, the largest values of relative average deviation and root-mean-square deviation were, respectively, 1.77% and 36.21 × 10–4 and for the mixtures were 5.15% and 4.81 × 10–4, respectively. In the ethanol + water mixtures, the log x12 values positively deviated from the average ones of log x12, which showed that the acetamiprid was preferentially solvated by ethanol.