Isometric realization of cross caps as formal power series and its applications

Abstract

Two cross caps in Euclidean 3-space are said to be infinitesimally isometric if their Taylor expansions of the first fundamental forms coincide by taking a local coordinate system. For a given $C^\infty$ cross cap $f$, we give a method to find all cross caps which are infinitesimally isomeric to $f$. More generally, we show that for a given $C^{\infty}$ metric with singularity having certain properties like as induced metrics of cross caps (called a Whitney metric), there exists locally a $C^\infty$ cross cap infinitesimally isometric to the given one. Moreover, the Taylor expansion of such a realization is uniquely determined by a given $C^{\infty}$ function with a certain property (called characteristic function). As an application, we give a countable family of intrinsic invariants of cross caps which recognizes infinitesimal isometry classes completely.