Multi-Scale Attention with Dense Encoder for Handwritten Mathematical Expression Recognition

Abstract

Handwritten mathematical expression recognition is a challenging problem due to the complicated two-dimensional structures, ambiguous handwriting input and variant scales of handwritten math symbols. To settle this problem, recently we propose the attention based encoder-decoder model that recognizes mathematical expression images from two-dimensional layouts to one-dimensional LaTeX strings. In this study, we improve the encoder by employing densely connected convolutional networks as they can strengthen feature extraction and facilitate gradient propagation especially on a small training set. We also present a novel multi-scale attention model which is employed to deal with the recognition of math symbols in different scales and restore the fine-grained details dropped by pooling operations. Validated on the CROHME competition task, the proposed method significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art methods with an expression recognition accuracy of 52.8% on CROHME 2014 and 50.1% on CROHME 2016, by only using the official training dataset.