On hyperbolicity of 13-moment system

Abstract

We point out that the thermodynamic equilibrium is not an interior point of the hyperbolicity region of Grad's 13-moment system. With a compact expansion of the phase density, which is more compact than Grad's expansion, we derive a modified 13-moment system. The new 13-moment system admits the thermodynamic equilibrium as an interior point of its hyperbolicity region. We deduce a concise criterion to ensure the hyperbolicity, and thus the hyperbolicity region can be quantitatively depicted.