Mesophase Structure‐Enabled Electrostrictive Property in Nylon‐12‐Based Poly(ether‐<i>block</i>‐amide) Copolymers

Abstract

Abstract To search for alternative electrostrictive polymers and to understand the underlying mechanism, the structure‐ferroelectric/electrostrictive property relationship for nylon‐12‐based poly(ether‐ b ‐amide) multiblock copolymers (PEBAX) is investigated. Two PEBAX samples are studied, namely, P6333 and P7033 with 37 and 25 mol.% of soft poly(tetramethylene oxide) (PTMO) blocks, respectively. In both samples, poorly hydrogen‐bonded mesophase facilitates electric field‐induced ferroelectric switching. Meanwhile, the longitudinal electrostrictive strain (S 1 )–electric field (E) loops are obtained at 2 Hz. Different from conventional poly(vinylidene fluoride‐ co ‐trifluoroethylene) [P(VDF‐TrFE)]‐based terpolymers, uniaxially stretched nylon‐12‐based PEBAX samples exhibit negative S 1 , that is, shrinking rather than elongation in the longitudinal direction. This is attributed to the unique conformation transformation of nylon‐12 crystals during ferroelectric switching. Namely, at a zero electric field, crystalline nylon‐12 chains adopt a more or less antiparallel arrangement of amide groups. Upon high‐field poling, ferroelectric domains are enforced with more twisted chains adopting a parallel arrangement of amide groups. Meanwhile, extensional S 1 is observed for P6333 at electric fields above 150 MV m −1 . This is attributed to the elongation of the amorphous phases (i.e., amorphous nylon‐12 and PTMO). Therefore, competition between shrinking S 1 from mesomorphic nylon‐12 crystals (i.e., nanoactuation) and elongational S 1 from amorphous phases determines the ultimate electrostriction behavior in stretched PEBAX films.