2002 · 16 citations · 8 references
Language StudiesComputer ScienceLinguisticsComputational LinguisticsCorpus LinguisticsNatural Language ProcessingAnnotationParsingSentence ParsingSyntactic AnalysisSyntactic ParsingSyntax ParsingJoint Dependency ParsingMulti-layer Corpus AnnotationMultilayer AnnotationNode AnnotationsParsing With Context-free Grammars
Treebank formats and associated software tools are proliferating rapidly, with little consideration for interoperability. We survey a wide variety of treebank structures and operations, and show how they can be mapped onto the annotation graph model, and leading to an integrated framework encompassing tree and non-tree annotations alike. This development opens up new possibilities for managing and exploiting multilayer annotations. 1.
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A formal framework for linguistic annotation
Steven Bird, Mark Liberman · Speech Communication · 2001 · 402 citations · Full text
Building a Treebank for Italian: a Data-driven Annotation Schema
Cristina Bosco, Vincenzo Lombardo, D. Vassallo et al. · 2000 · 98 citations · Full text
Towards a Query Language for Annotation Graphs
Steven Bird, Peter Buneman, Wang Chiew Tan · 2000 · 40 citations · Full text
Creating Annotation Tools with the Annotation Graph Toolkit
Steven Bird, Xiaoyi Ma, Haejoong Lee · 2002 · 28 citations · Full text