Tungsten based anisotropic metamaterial as an ultra-broadband absorber

Abstract

We show theoretically that an array of tungsten/germanium anisotropic nano-cones placed on top of a reflective substrate can absorb light at the wavelength range from 0.3 μm to 9 μm with an average absorption efficiency approaching 98%. It is found that the excitation of multiple orders of slow-light resonant modes is responsible for the efficient absorption at wavelengths longer than 2 μm, and the anti-reflection effect of tapered lossy material gives rise to the near perfect absorption at shorter wavelengths. The absorption spectrum suffers a small dip at around 4.2 μm where the first order and second order slow-light modes get overlapped, but we can get rid of this dip if the absorption band edge at a long wavelength range is reduced down to 5 μm. The parametrical study reflects that the absorption bandwidth is mainly determined by the filling ratio of tungsten as well as the bottom diameter of the nano-cones and the interaction between neighboring nano-cones is quite weak. Our proposal has some potential applications in the areas of solar energy harvesting and thermal emitters.