IFITM proteins inhibit placental syncytiotrophoblast formation and promote fetal demise

Abstract

Placenta formation and fetal demise A critical step of placental development is the fusion of trophoblast cells into a multi-nucleated syncytiotrophoblast layer. Trophoblast fusion is mediated by syncytins, encoded by endogenous retrovirus–derived envelope glycoproteins. Buchrieser et al. report that interferon-induced transmembrane (IFITM) proteins inhibit syncytin-mediated syncytiotrophoblast formation, restricting placental development and triggering fetal demise (see the Perspective by Kellam and Weiss). The results provide a molecular explanation for the placental dysfunctions observed in interferon-mediated disorders such as intrauterine growth retardation, TORCH (toxoplasmosis, other, rubella, cytomegalovirus, and herpes) infections, and some forms of preeclampsia. Science , this issue p. 176 ; see also p. 118