<p>Antifungal effects of indolicidin-conjugated gold nanoparticles against fluconazole-resistant strains of <em>Candida albicans</em> isolated from patients with burn infection</p>

Abstract

<b>Background:</b> <i>Candida albicans</i> as an opportunistic fungus is one of the most important causes of late-onset morbidity and mortality in patients with major burns and severely impaired immune system. In recent years, the emergence of resistance to opportunistic fungi and toxicity of antimicrobial drugs make it necessary to develop new drugs. <b>Methods:</b> In the present study, we investigated anticandidal effects of indolicidin, as a representative of host defense peptide, conjugated with gold nanoparticles in fluconazole-resistant clinical isolates of <i>C. albicans</i>. After characterizing the conjugation of indolicidin using biophysical methodologies, the cytotoxicity and hemolytic activity of the nanocomplex were examined. In addition, the expression level of <i>ERG11</i>, responsible for antifungal resistance, and the immunomodulatory effect of peptide-nanomaterial conjugates were assessed. <b>Results:</b> Our data indicated that the nanocomplex was nontoxic for the fibroblast cells and erythrocytes. Treatment with the nanocomplex significantly reduced the expression levels of the <i>ERG11</i> gene in fluconazole-resistant <i>C. albicans</i> isolates and the <i>iNOS</i> gene in macrophages. <b>Conclusion:</b> The study data provides a chance to develop innovative therapies for the treatment of <i>C. albicans</i> burn infections. However, further investigation is required to examine the efficiency of the nanocomplex.