Antibacterial effects of sodium tripolyphosphate against<i>Porphyromonas</i>species associated with periodontitis of companion animals

Abstract

<i>Porphyromonas</i> species are closely associated with companion animal periodontitis which is one of the most common diseases in dogs and cats and leads to serious systemic diseases if left untreated. In this study, we evaluated the antimicrobial effects and mode of action of sodium tripolyphosphate (polyP3, Na₅P₃O10), a food additive with proven safety, using three pathogenic <i>Porphyromonas</i> species. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of polyP3 against <i>Porphyromonas gulae</i>, <i>Porphyromonas cansulci</i>, and <i>Porphyromonas cangingivalis</i> were between 500 and 750 mg/L. PolyP3 significantly decreased viable planktonic cells as well as bacterial biofilm formation, even at sub-MIC concentrations. PolyP3 caused bacterial membrane disruption and this effect was most prominent in <i>P. cangingivalis</i>, which was demonstrated by measuring the amount of nucleotide leakage from the cells. To further investigate the mode of action of polyP3, high-throughput whole-transcriptome sequencing was performed using <i>P. gulae</i>. Approximately 30% of the total genes of <i>P. gulae</i> were differentially expressed by polyP3 (> 4-fold, adjusted <i>p</i> value < 0.01). PolyP3 influenced the expression of the <i>P. gulae</i> genes related to the biosynthesis of thiamine, ubiquinone, and peptidoglycan. Collectively, polyP3 has excellent antibacterial effects against pathogenic <i>Porphyromonas</i> species and can be a promising agent to control oral pathogenic bacteria in companion animals.