The family Epitoniidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) in southern Africa and Mozambique

Abstract

Eighty species belonging to 15 genera of Epitoniidae are recorded from southern Africa and Mozambique; of these, 37 are new species and 19 are new records for the region. New species: Acirsa amara; Amaea (?Amaea) krousma; A. (Amaea) foulisi; A. (Filiscala) youngi; Rutelliscala bombyx; Cycloscala gazae; Opaliopsis meiringnaudeae; Murdochella crispata; M. lobata; Obstopalia pseudosulcata; O. varicosa; Opalia (Pliciscala) methoria; Compressiscala transkeiana; Chuniscala rectilamellata; Epitonium (Epitonium) sororastra; E. (E.) jimpyae; E. (E.) sallykaicherae; E. (Hirtoscala) anabathmos; E. (Perlucidiscala) alabiforme; E. (Nitidiscala) synekhes; E. (Librariscala) parvonatrix; E. (Limiscala) crypticocorona; E. (L.) maraisi; E. (L.) psomion; E. (Parviscala) amiculum; E. (P.) climacotum; E. (P.) columba; E. (P.) harpago; E. (P.) mzambanum; E. (P.) repandum; E. (P.) repandior; E. (P.) tamsinae; E. (P.) thyraeum; E. (Labeoscala) brachyspeira; E. (Asperiscala) spyridion; E. (Foliaceiscala) falconi; E. (F.) lacrima; E. (Pupiscala) opeas. New genus: Rutelliscala, type species R. bombyx sp.n. New subgenus (of Epitonium): Librariscala, type species Scalaria millecostata Pease, 1861. New records: The genera Acirsa, Cycloscala, Opaliopsis, Murdochella, Obstopalia, Plastiscala, Compressiscala and Sagamiscala are recorded from southern Africa for the first time. New species records are: Cirsotrema (Cirsotrema) varicosa (Lamarck, 1822); C. (?Rectacirsa) peltei (Viader, 1938); Amaea (s.l.) sulcata (Sowerby, 1844); Amaea (Acrilla) xenicima (Melvill & Standen, 1903); Cycloscala hyalina (Sowerby, 1844); Opalia (Nodiscala) bardeyi (Jousseaume, 1912); O. (N.) attenuata (Pease, 1860); O. (Pliciscala) mormulaeformis (Masahito, Kuroda & Habe, 1971); Amaea sulcata (Sowerby, 1844); Epitonium (Epitonium) syoichiroi Masahito & Habe, 1976; E. (E.) scalare (LinnA©, 1758); E. (Lamelliscala) fasciatum (Sowerby, 1844); E. (Limiscala) lyra (Sowerby, 1844); E. (L.) antisoa (Ire­dale, 1936); E. (Papyriscala) emiliae (Melvill & Standen, 1903); E. (Laeviscala) gracile (Sowerby, 1844); E. (L.) histricosum (Jousseaume, 1912); E. (Parviscala) townsendae (Melvill & Standen, 1903); E. (Depressiscala) confusum (Smith, 1890). New synonyms: Nystiella Clench & Turner, 1952 = Opaliopsis Thiele, 1928; Teremachiacirsa Kuroda & Ito, 1961 = Alora H. Adams, 1861; Fragilopalia Azuma, 1972 = Acrilla H. Adams, 1860; Acrilla thalia Bartsch, 1915, and Acrilla adenensis Jousseaume, 1912 = Amaea (Acrilla) minor (Sowerby, 1873); Scalaria producta and erecta W. H. Turton, 1932, and S. kowiensis Turton, 1933 = Opalia (? Pliciscala) aglaia (Bartsch, 1915); Scala (Acrilla) recreata de Boury, 1921, Scala reconducta de Boury, 1921, Scalaria prolongata, whitechurchi and perexilis Turton, 1932 = Epitonium (Hyaloscala) kraussi (Nyst, 1871); Scalaria elongata W. H. Turton, 1932 = E. (H.) oppositum (de Boury, 1921); S. albanyana Turton, 1932 = E. (Lamelliscala) simplex (Sowerby, 1894); Scala tangana Thiele, 1925 = E. (Laeviscala) fucatum (Pease, 1861); Globiscala kashiwajimensis Azuma, 1962 = E. (G.) bullatum (Sowerby, 1844); Scala virgo Thiele, 1925 = E. (Connexiscala) connexum (Sowerby, 1844). New combinations: Acrilla analogica Barnard, 1963, is a Plastiscala; Scala munda Barnard, 1969, is a Sagamiscala; Epitonium peltei Viader, 1938, is a Cirsotrema. Types figured: Holotypes of Scala illovoensis Barnard, 1963, Scalaria townsendi Melvill & Standen, 1903, Acrilla gracilis H. Adams, 1860, Pupiscala actinariophila Masahito & Habe, 1976; lectotypes of Scalaria latifasciata Sowerby, 1874, S. lyra Sowerby, 1844, and Epitonium macromphalus E. A. Smith, 1910; paratype of Pupiscala pupiformis Masahito, Kuroda & Habe, 1971.