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Direct observations of the charge behavior of a high-efficiency blue organic light-emitting diode under operating conditions using electric-field-induced doubly resonant sum-frequency-generation vibrational spectroscopy

Organic Charge-transfer CompoundWhite OledEngineeringPhotochemistryOrganic ElectronicsOptical PropertiesDirect ObservationsApplied PhysicsOrganic SemiconductorCharge BehaviorChemistryOperating ConditionsOptoelectronics