Secondary Metabolites Produced by Combined Culture of <i>Penicillium crustosum</i> and a <i>Xylaria</i> sp.

Abstract

Four new alkyl aromatics, penixylarins A-D (<b>1</b>-<b>4</b>), along with the known biogenetically related 1,3-dihydroxy-5-(12-hydroxyheptadecyl)benzene (<b>5</b>) and 1,3-dihydroxy-5-(12-sulfoxyheptadecyl)benzene (<b>6</b>), were isolated from a mixed culture of the Antarctic deep-sea-derived fungus <i>Penicillium crustosum</i> PRB-2 and the mangrove-derived fungus <i>Xylaria</i> sp. HDN13-249. UPLC-MS data and an analysis of structural features showed that compounds <b>1</b> and <b>2</b> were produced by collaboration of the two fungi, while compounds <b>3</b>-<b>6</b> could be produced by <i>Xylaria</i> sp. HDN13-249 alone, but in noticeably increased quantities by cocultivation. Compounds <b>2</b>, <b>3</b>, <b>5</b>, and <b>6</b> showed antibacterial activity against a panel of strains, and compound <b>3</b> possessed potential antituberculosis effects (MIC = 6.25 μM against <i>Mycobacterium phlei</i>).