Recent Advances in the Synthesis of 5-Substituted 1H-Tetrazoles: A Complete Survey (2013–2018)

Abstract

Tetrazoles are synthetic organic heterocyclic compounds comprising of high nitrogen content among stable heterocycles. Tetrazoles, chiefly 5-substituted 1H-tetrazoles have been used as a bioisosteric replacement for carboxylic acids in medicinal chemistry. Various clinical drugs, including losartan, cefazolin, and alfentanil, contain the tetrazole moiety. There have been significant developments in the synthesis of 5-substituted 1H-tetrazoles. Researchers are still working to develop more efficient and ecofriendly methods for their synthesis. In this review, we provide a comprehensive discussion of the recent advancements in the field of synthesis of 5-substituted 1H-tetrazoles. 1 Introduction 2 The Role of 5-Substituted 1H-Tetrazoles in Medicinal Chemistry 3 Synthesis of 5-Substituted 1H-Tetrazoles 3.1 Microwave-Assisted Synthesis 3.2 Heterogeneous Catalysts 3.3 Nanoparticles as Heterogeneous Catalysts 3.4 Miscellaneous Methods 4 Sartans: A Class of Tetrazole-Based Commercial Drugs 5 Conclusions