Artificial intelligence and counseling: Four levels of implementation

Abstract

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is increasingly prominent in public, academic, and clinical provinces. A widening research base is expanding AI’s reach, including to that of the counseling profession. This article defines AI and its relevant subfields, provides a brief history of psychological AI, and suggests four levels of implementation to counseling, corresponding to time orientation and influence. Implications of AI are applicable to counseling ethics, existentialism, clinical practice, and public policy.