Use of electronic nicotine delivery systems by pregnantwomen II: Hair biomarkers for exposures to nicotine andtobacco-specific nitrosamines

Abstract

We did not observe lower levels of nicotine, cotinine, and TSNAs for current dual users compared to smokers during pregnancy. The risk of SGA for offspring of pregnant dual users was similar to that for offspring of pregnant smokers. Future studies are needed to further estimate the magnitude of the association between ENDS use and smallness for gestational age.