Mitochondrial Localization of Highly Fluorescent and Photostable BODIPY-Based Ruthenium(II), Rhodium(III), and Iridium(III) Metal Complexes

Abstract

A new N,O-based BODIPY ligand was synthesized and further utilized to develop highly fluorescent and photostable Ru(II), Rh(III), and Ir(III) metal complexes. The complexes were fully characterized by different analytical techniques including single-crystal XRD studies. The photostabilities and live cell imaging capabilities of the complexes were investigated via confocal microscopy. The complexes localized specifically in the mitochondria of live cells and showed negligible cytotoxicities at a concentration used for imaging purposes. They also exhibited high photostabilities, with fluorescence intensities remaining above 50% after 1800 scans.