Elevated Serum Homocysteine Levels Have Differential Gender-Specific Associations with Motor and Cognitive States in Parkinson’s Disease

Abstract

Elevated serum homocysteine levels are associated with a greater motor impairment in males with Parkinson's disease and poorer cognitive performance in females with Parkinson's disease. Our gender-specific findings may help to explain previous discrepancies in the literature surrounding the utility of homocysteine as a biomarker in PD.