Enhancement of First Cycle Coulombic Efficiency of Hard Carbon Derived from Eucalyptus in a Sodium Ion Battery

Abstract

Hard carbon derived from green Eucalyptus trees from Ethiopia was developed to enhance 1st cycle Coulombic efficiency as the anode for SIBs. Different heat treatment temperatures were applied for preparing hard carbon from Eucalyptus wood to form suitable disordered carbon structure, interlayer space, and effective pores. Hard carbon heat-treated at 1400 °C indicated the highest electrochemical properties such as discharge capacities and 1st cycle Coulombic efficiency. Especially, hard carbons heat treated above 1200 °C indicated above 80% of 1st cycle Coulombic efficiency which is relatively high.