A Z‐Scheme Strategy that Utilizes ZnIn₂S₄ and Hierarchical VS₂ Microflowers with Improved Charge‐Carrier Dynamics for Superior Photoelectrochemical Water Oxidation

Abstract

One of the major limiting factors for efficient photoelectrochemical water oxidation is the fast recombination kinetics of photogenerated charge carriers. Herein, we propose a model system that utilizes ZnIn₂ S₄ and hierarchical VS₂ microflowers for efficient charge separation through a Z-scheme pathway, without the need for an electron mediator. An impressive 18-fold increase in photocurrent was observed for ZnIn₂ S₄ -VS₂ compared to ZnIn₂ S₄ alone. The charge-transfer dynamics in the composite were found to follow a Z-scheme pathway, which resulted in decreased charge recombination and greater accumulation of the surface charge. Furthermore, slow kinetics of the surface reaction in the ZnIn₂ S₄ -VS₂ composite correlated to an increased surface-charge capacitance. This feature of the composite material facilitated partial storage of the photogenerated charge carriers (e^- /h⁺ ) under illumination and dark-current conditions, thus storing and utilizing solar energy more efficiently.