Intra-articular Treatment of Osteoarthritis with Diclofenac-Conjugated Polymer Reduces Inflammation and Pain

Abstract

The most common treatment for osteoarthritis is daily oral administration of a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug such as diclofenac. This daily dosage regime is often associated with severe side effects. In this study, we explored the potential of utilizing a high molecular weight cross-linked polyurethane polymer covalently linked to diclofenac (<b>C-DCF-PU</b>) for intra-articular administration. We aim to exploit the advantages of local drug delivery by developing an implant with improved efficacy and reduced side effects. The polymer was synthesized from a diclofenac-functionalized monomer unit in a simple one-pot reaction, followed by cross-linking. <i>In vitro</i> drug release studies showed zero-order drug release for 4 days, followed by a gradual decline in drug release rate until diclofenac was depleted after 15 days. The cross-linked polymer was triturated to yield an injectable microgel formulation for administration. Whole animal fluorescence imaging of the rhodamine-labeled <b><b>C-DCF-RH-PU</b></b> showed good retention of the polymer in the knee joints of healthy rats, with approximately 30% of the injected dose still present 2 weeks post intra-articular administration. In a reactivation arthritis animal model, the <b><b>C-DCF-RH-PU</b></b> formulation reduced pain and significantly reduced inflammation after a short lag phase, showing that this drug delivery system warrants further development for long-term treatment of osteoarthritis with the benefit of reduced side effects.