Large-energy mode-locked Er-doped fiber laser based on indium selenide as a modulator

Abstract

In our work, a InSe-PVA film-type modulator was successfully prepared. Its nonlinear optical properties were investigated and its application for obtaining a large-energy mode-locked Er-doped fiber laser was also demonstrated. Stable mode-locked operation with a maximum pulse energy of 20.4 nJ at a pulse repetition rate of 586.3 kHz was generated. The maximum average output power was 11.96 mW under the pump power of 560 mW. Our findings suggest that InSe has competitive performance in acting as ultra-fast modulator in comparison with commonly used two-dimensional materials. In addition, our experiment demonstration will provide useful guidance for future investigations of large-energy mode-locked operations and the applications of InSe-based ultra-fast optical devices.