A Survey of Intrusion Detection for In-Vehicle Networks

TLDR

Modern cars’ increasing complexity and connectivity have amplified security risks in in‑vehicle networks, yet current designs such as CAN lack cybersecurity safeguards, underscoring the need for research. This survey investigates intrusion detection systems for in‑vehicle networks, outlining the environment, design constraints, and future research directions. The authors review existing IDS designs for IVNs, identify their limitations, and compare various optimization objectives.

Abstract

The development of the complexity and connectivity of modern automobiles has caused a massive rise in the security risks of in-vehicle networks (IVNs). Nevertheless, existing IVN designs (e.g., controller area network) lack cybersecurity consideration. Intrusion detection, an effective method for defending against cyberattacks on IVNs while providing functional safety and real-time communication guarantees, aims to address this issue. Therefore, the necessity of its research has risen. In this paper, an IVN environment is introduced, and the constraints and characteristics of an intrusion detection system (IDS) design for IVNs are presented. A survey of the proposed IDS designs for the IVNs is conducted, and the corresponding drawbacks are highlighted. Various optimization objectives are considered and comprehensively compared. Lastly, the trend, open issues, and emerging research directions are described.