Internalization and toxicological mechanisms of uncoated and PVP-coated cerium oxide nanoparticles in the freshwater alga<i>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</i>

Abstract

The capping of the nanoparticles plays a vital role in their interaction with algal cells as the toxicological mechanism of polyvinylpyrrolidone-CeO₂NPs is different from uncoated CeO₂NPs.