<p>Fine-particulate matter aggravates cigarette smoke extract–induced airway inflammation via Wnt5a–ERK pathway in COPD</p>

Abstract

Our findings suggest that combined PM_2.5 and CS/CSE exposure induce airway inflammation and Wnt5a expression in vivo in mice and in vitro in 16HBE cells. Furthermore, PM_2.5 seems to aggravate CS/CSE-induced inflammation via the Wnt5a-ERK pathway in the context of COPD.