Adenoviral Keratoconjunctivitis: Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention

Abstract

This review will provide an updated overview of the diagnosis, management, and prevention of adenoviral keratoconjunctivitis. Human adenovirus (HAdV) is undergoing nomenclature changes because of whole genome sequencing. Recombination has led to newly identified ocular pathogens like HAdV-D53, HAdV-D54, and HAdV-D56. No quick, highly sensitive and specific diagnostic test is available for ocular adenoviral infections. PCR takes a few hours but is not widely available. Results of using PCR in employees at one medical center support the view of endemic HAdV in the community. Infection control is highly important as no treatment for ocular HAdV infections exists, ocular sequelae can be significant, and HAdV is endemic. Diagnosis of HAdV ocular infections can be challenging; ophthalmologists are best positioned to diagnose the condition and provide antibiotic stewardship. Development of an accurate diagnostic test with quick turnaround would lead to major benefits in terms of less antibiotic use and fewer work furloughs. Outbreaks occur when infection control becomes lax.