Gender in the transition to sustainable energy for all: From evidence to inclusive policies

Abstract

Universal energy access targets are unlikely to be met unless energy policies are aligned to women's as well as men's energy needs, their assets, skills, limitations and capabilities, and existing gender norms This research has found that energy policies that do not explicitly target women often result in inequitable access to energy services between men and women.The reasons for this are related to differences between men and women in their energy needs, which are a function of societal norms and resulting differences in responsibilities, as well as differences in men's and women's capacities to access energy services.These differences are frequently institutionalised, resulting in differential access to energy, to appliances, and to the potential benefits of energy services.Paying attention to these differences can help achieve more genderequitable outcomes.Finally, local policies and regulations, as well as awareness of social norms, are crucial to ensure access to energy services for both men and women.The research team also found that even in cases where a gender-aware policy is in place, the implementation may lag behind, mainly because of the approaches adopted and the processes within the organisations implementing the policy.Achieving gender equality outcomes therefore requires not only a transformation in energy policy, but also a change in processes, and changes within the organisations that drive these processes.Involvement of women in energy-system supply chains is good for women and their families, and it is good for businessThe involvement of women in energy-system supply chains as entrepreneurs and employees -particularly in non-traditional roles -is a win-win situation.The energy supply chain offers women an opportunity to earn an income which can enhance their own welfare, as well as the welfare of their families.It can also build their self-confidence and agency, challenging gender norms in their households and communities.When women have discretion over their earnings, they tend to spend on education, healthcare and their children's welfare.For energy businesses, women can bring a unique value proposition as entrepreneurs.When given the right opportunities, they are eager to learn new skills, can deliver energy services to their communities with a high level of trust, and perform as well as men, even without any additional support.In particular, they are able to leverage existing social networks and form trusting relationships with potential customers -especially other women.However in order to realise this potential, women need to be supported through a comprehensive package of support, including capacity building in technology, business skills and leadership; marketing, promotion and distribution; access to finance; and one-to-one mentoring.At the same time, they have to be supported to overcome prevalent social and cultural barriers (e.g.lower literacy; lower access to finance, education, land, and mobility; burden of care work, etc.).Under-investment in overcoming these barriers is likely to perpetuate poverty and gender inequality.Agenda looms, there is a need to do better.Research generated through this programme can catalyse action to move further, faster.Building evidence on gender and energy