Liquid-phase microextraction: update May 2016 to December 2018

Abstract

Miniaturized extraction techniques are well established in analytical protocols following the guidelines of green chemistry. In spite of this, analytical chemistry researchers continue to look for alternatives and modifications that minimize or solve problems associated with the application of microextraction techniques. This manuscript goes over the most significant advances proposed from mid-2016 to the end of 2018. Thus, different possibilities are reported to minimize the major shortcoming of each modality of liquid-phase microextraction (LPME). The necessity of reducing extraction time and the toxicity of solvents used, and also enhancing the selectivity and precision of these methods has increased the possibilities and applications of LPME.