City adjustments as the main factor of success of urban and peri-urban farms–empirical evidence from the Ruhr metropolis

Abstract

Highlights• Identification and assessment of farm success in urbanized areas.• Web survey among farm managers in the Ruhr Metropolis (Germany).• Farms applying various adjustment strategies are more successful.• Tourism services and direct marketing are most successful.• Farm location is the key determinant for promising city-adjustments strategies.