<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi>k</mml:mi></mml:math>-uniform quantum states arising from orthogonal arrays

Abstract

A pure quantum state of $N$ subsystems with local dimension $d$ is called a $k$-uniform state if every reduction to $k$ qudits is maximally mixed. Based on a special class of combinatorial design, namely irredundant orthogonal arrays, we show the existence of 2-uniform $N$-qudit states when $N\ensuremath{\ge}4$ and $d$ is a prime power other than 2. In addition, given any Hadamard matrix of order greater than 4, we demonstrate how it can be used to construct 3-uniform multiqubit states. In fact, we find that there exists some 3-uniform $N$-qubit when $N\ensuremath{\ge}8$ except case $N=9$. These give an answer to a question posed by Goyeneche et al. [Phys. Rev. A 90, 022316 (2014)]. Furthermore, starting from a minimal support $k$-uniform state, we show how to generate an orthogonal basis consisting of $k$-uniform states. At last, we derive a series of $(k\ensuremath{-}1)$-uniform $(N\ensuremath{-}1)$-qudit states from a single $k$-uniform $N$-qudit state. The $k$-uniform states are good candidates among the multipartite entangled states.