Complexes of lanthanides(<scp>iii</scp>) with mixed 2,2′-bipyridyl and 5,7-dibromo-8-quinolinoline chelating ligands as a new class of promising anti-cancer agents

Abstract

Five novel lanthanides(iii) complexes, [Lu(Me)(MBrQ)2NO3] (MeMBrQ-Lu), [Ho(MeO)(MBrQ)2NO3] (MeOMBrQ-Ho), [Ho(Me)(MBrQ)2NO3] (MeMBrQ-Ho), [La(Me)2(BrQ)2NO3] (MeBrQ-La) and [Sm(Me)(BrQ)2(CH3OH)NO3] (MeBrQ-Sm), have been synthesized, in which 2,2'-bipyridyl (4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridyl (Me) and 4,4'-dimethoxy-2,2'-bipyridine (MeO)) and 5,7-dibromo-8-quinolinoline derivatives (5,7-dibromo-2-methyl-8-quinolinol (MBrQ-H) and 5,7-dibromo-8-quinolinol (BrQ-H)) act as the chelating ligands. The in vitro cytotoxic activities of the five Ln(iii) complexes have been studied with the SK-OV-3/DDP, NCI-H460 and HeLa cancer cells. MeMBrQ-Lu, MeOMBrQ-Ho, MeMBrQ-Ho, MeBrQ-La and MeBrQ-Sm show higher cytotoxicity against the HeLa cells (IC50 values of 1.00 nM-3.45 μM) than cisplatin (13.11 ± 0.53 μM). In particular, the MeOMBrQ-Ho and MeMBrQ-Ho complexes exhibit superior cytotoxic activity, with IC50 values at 1.00 ± 0.34 nM and 125.00 ± 1.08 nM. We further demonstrate that MeOMBrQ-Ho and MeMBrQ-Ho inhibit the proliferation of HeLa cells by inhibiting telomerase and targeting mitochondria to induce DNA damage-mediated apoptosis. In addition, MeOMBrQ-Ho significantly inhibits tumor growth with a tumor growth inhibition rate (IR) of 50.8% in a HeLa mouse xenograft model. Taken together, MeOMBrQ-Ho is a novel lanthanide(iii) complex with promising antitumor activity.