30 μm thin hexamethyl-p-terphenyl poly(benzimidazolium) anion exchange membrane for vanadium redox flow batteries

Abstract

We present the first results of an anion exchange ionomer membrane, hexamethyl-p-terphenyl poly(benzimidazolium) (HMT-PMBI), in a vanadium redox flow battery. Anion exchange membranes exhibit superior vanadium crossover suppression compared to proton exchange membranes due to the Gibbs–Donnan effect. HMT-PMBI was benchmarked against a similarly thin Nafion XL membrane which allowed us to compare differences based solely on chemical properties of the ionomer materials. We report cycling data of 45 cycles at a current density of 150 mA/cm2 with excellent coulombic efficiency of >99.4%, energy efficiency of 80.6–74.2% and a low ohmic resistance of 0.219–0.255 Ω cm2. In addition, a three times lower self-discharge rate is obtained for the HMT-PMBI membrane compared to Nafion XL. HMT-PMBI is therefore a potential alternative for PFSA based ionomers in VRFB applications.