Giant dual-mode graphene-based terahertz modulator enabled by Fabry–Perot assisted multiple reflection

Abstract

We report a high-performance terahertz (THz) modulator with dual operation mode. For the pulse operation mode, the proposed THz modulator has the advantage of high modulation depth (MD) and can operate in a broadband frequency range. We have experimentally achieved a MD larger than 90% for the fifth-order pulse THz echo at 0.8 THz, and the MD stays larger than 75% in a broadband frequency range larger than 1 THz, whereas, for the coherent operation mode, the Fabry-Perot (F-P) interference effect has been taken into consideration and a MD larger than 75% at 0.76 THz has also been realized.