Helminth mediated modulation of the systemic and mycobacterial antigen – stimulated cytokine profiles in extra-pulmonary tuberculosis

Abstract

Helminth infections are known to regulate cytokine responses in both pulmonary and latent tuberculosis infection. Whether helminth infections also modulate cytokine responses in extra-pulmonary tuberculosis, specifically tuberculous lymphadenitis (TBL), has not been examined thus far.