Varied Clinical Presentations of Acute Dystonic Reaction Due to Metoclopramide

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: In this article, in light of the literature, we aimed at discussing data obtained from patients in which extrapyramidal adverse effects that are misdiagnosed as varied clinical presentations developed due to metoclopramide, which is frequently prescribed in pediatric emergency services and in family practice centers for its powerful and rapid antiemetic action. METHODS: The files of patients who presented to a pediatric clinic at the research hospital of Mustafa Kemal University between January 2017 and January 2018 and who were diagnosed as having acute dystonic reaction were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS: Generalized hypertonicity in 4 patients, abnormal involuntary movements in 2 patients, oculogyric crisis in 2 patients, local hypertonia in the wrist and fingers in 2 patients, spasmodic cervical hypertonicity in 2 patients, and trismus in 1 patient were found. Of the patients, 2 were directed to our clinic with early diagnosis of hypocalcemia, 2 with conversion, 3 with meningitis, 1 with epileptic seizure, 1 with status, 1 with mandibular luxation, 1 with tetanus, and 2 with intracranial pathology. CONCLUSIONS: The extrapyramidal adverse effects of metoclopramide, which is frequently prescribed in pediatric emergency services and in family practice centers, are highly terrifying for children and parents. Furthermore, it may cause severe anxiety especially in pediatric emergency services because it may mimic many serious diseases.