Racial disparities in preterm birth in USA: a biosensor of physical and social environmental exposures

Abstract

Race is a social construct that involves a person’s self-assigned, and externally-perceived, group membership. Group membership can determine much about Americans’ lives and health. Complex health disorders such as cardiovascular disease, asthma, and obesity disproportionately affect Non-Hispanic black Americans. An individual’s risk of any of these disorders encompasses both genetic predisposition and environmental stimuli. We propose that environmental stressors may be large contributors to differences in preterm birth rates in the United States between racial groups. Environmental exposures differ by race due to ongoing residential, educational and economic racial segregation as well as discrimination. Characterizing and mitigating environmental factors that contribute to differential preterm risk could identify women at risk, prevent some preterm births, and reduce perinatal health disparities.