Medium‐Scale Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances Induced by Typhoon Chan‐<scp>h</scp>om Over China

Abstract

Abstract This paper reports the ionospheric response to Typhoon Chan‐hom using Global Positioning System network data from China, combined with observations of an ionosonde chain. Two medium‐scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (MSTIDs) were observed around the two landing times of Typhoon Chan‐hom. The MSTID with a phase fronts aligned in the north‐south direction was detected on the east coast of China at 16:50–18:40 UT on 11 July 2015 and moved westward with a mean horizontal phase velocity of 268 m/s and period of 56 min. Then the concentric MSTID appeared on the northeast of China at 01:50–05:10 UT on 13 July 2015 and propagated in the radial direction with average horizontal phase velocity of 143 m/s and period of 45 min. There may be some connections between the north‐south‐aligned MSTID and the electrodynamical coupling of the sporadic E layer and the F layer, while the concentric MSTID may be caused by the concentric gravity waves resulting from the bodyforces related with the typhoon.