Synthesis and Characterization of Vanillin‐Templated Fe₂O₃ Nanoparticles as a Sustainable Anode Material for Li‐Ion Batteries

Abstract

Abstract Conversion‐enabled transition metal oxides are mostly characterized by environmental benignity, low cost, and high theoretical capacities, which make them suitable as candidate anode materials for Li‐ion batteries. To ensure high efficiency and stability, the use of novel and tailored morphologies is recommended. Among the other methods, the use of natural extracts as templates is one of the possible strategies to accomplish this task. In this work, Fe 2 O 3 nanoparticles are synthesized by using vanillin as a soft templating agent, and fully characterized on a morphological, structural and electrochemical level. Poly(acrylic acid) binder and ethanol for electrode preparation ensure a fully environmentally benign process from synthesis to electrode testing. The cells deliver capacity values up to 700 mAh g −1 under prolonged galvanostatic cycling at 500 mA g −1 , as well as excellent rate capability and high efficiency.