An integrated urea and halogen bond donor based receptor for superior and selective sensing of phosphates

Abstract

A new RuII based bis-heteroleptic ditopic receptor, 1[PF6]2 (C44H33F12IN10OP2Ru), having integrated anion binding iodotriazole (halogen bond donor) and urea units (-NH bond donor) is employed for selective sensing of phosphates (e.g., H2PO4- and HP2O73-). 1[PF6]2 showed superiority in phosphate sensing in CH3CN as compared to its hydrogen bond donor analogue, 2[PF6]2 (C44H34F12N10OP2Ru), non-urea halogen bond analogue, 3[PF6]2 (C38H27F12IN8P2Ru) and non-urea hydrogen bond donor analogue, 4[PF6]2 (C38H28F12N8P2Ru) in terms of enhanced binding constant values, longer excited state lifetimes and lower detection limit values. 1H-NMR, Isothermal Titration Calorimetry (ITC) and photophysical studies revealed the implementation of the combined role of both the halogen bond donor iodotriazole unit and the -NH unit of the urea moiety for selective and enhanced binding of phosphates.