Clinical Characteristics of Hospitalized Heart Failure Patients with Preserved, Mid-Range, and Reduced Ejection Fractions in Japan

Abstract

Our results revealed different clinical characteristics but similar mortality rates in the HFrEF, HFmrEF, and HFpEF groups. The most common cause of death and re-hospitalization after hospital discharge was HF, but non-cardiac causes also contributed to their prognosis. Integrated management approaches will be required for HF patients.