Development of a high-performance anion exchange membrane using poly(isatin biphenylene) with flexible heterocyclic quaternary ammonium cations for alkaline fuel cells

Abstract

A series of quaternary ammonium-tethered poly(isatin biphenylene)s (PIBs) were prepared devoid of alkaline labile aryl ether bonds<italic>via</italic>superacid-catalyzed polymerization and explored as highly alkaline stable backbones of anion exchange membranes (AEMs).