Aerosol containment by airflow in biosafety laboratories

Abstract

In this paper, the progress and research related to aerosol containment by airflow in containment environments, e.g., biosafety laboratories, are introduced from a mechanical engineering view. A good air-distribution strategy in the room, a reasonable and stable pressure gradient in the containment area, and a necessary buffer room comprise the integral parts for regulating the air flow and providing the necessary containment. An optimal air-distribution strategy would reduce the residence time of the bio-aerosol in the lab room and lower the exposure risk of the work staff. The pressure difference between adjacent rooms provides sufficient isolation protection when the door is closed. Nevertheless, an unfavorable air exchange would occur when the door is open, owing to door movement, passing people, or a tiny temperature difference. A buffer room is therefore necessary to offset the negative impact and maintain the containment effect.